Effects of percutaneous neuromodulation on the mechanical characteristics of the rectus femoris and the vastus lateralis in football players: a pilot study

  • A. P
  • D. R
  • F. O
  • et al.
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Abstract

Background and Aims Percutaneous neuromodulation is an ultrasound-guided technique aimed at the peripheral nerve, using an acupuncture needle as an electrode for a TENS type current which has demonstrated to have positive effects for pain but not for muscle activity. Tensiomyography (TMG) is a non-invasive assessment technique, which is reliable and provides instant information on the mechanical characteristics of superficial muscles. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether percutaneous neuromodulation produces effects on muscle contraction parameters.Material and Methods A longitudinal, analytic and experimental study with a control group, comprising a sample of 11 football players in the 3rd Division, randomly assigned to an intervention group (IG = 5) and a control group (CG = 6). Athletes were assessed using tensiomyography (TMG-S2, EMF-FURLAN & Co.) parameters: maximum deformation (Dm), response time (Td), contraction time (Tc), relaxation time (Tr) and time of contraction maintenance (Ts) of the rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL). Both legs were assessed immediately after the training session (Pre), after 10' rest period post intervention (Post1) and after 12 hours of rest on the following day (Post2). Both femoral nerves were intervened with a needle on the long axis and in a transverse section just below the same. An Electrostimulator (ITO, model ES- 160), was applied to the IG during 5' using a TENS current of 200µs, 1 Hz and with sufficient intensity to achieve a visible contraction of the quadriceps without discomfort. The channel was closed with adhesive electrodes placed medial to the ASIS. The CG received a placebo treatment with needles and electrodes placed on the same anatomical points and connected to an electrostimulator without current during 5' (Physio Invasiva device).Results On the right RF the Td decreased in the IG (pre/post2: P = 0.005) and between groups (post1: P = 0.017 and post2: P = 0.014). For Tc we found differences between the IG (pre/post2: P= 0.008) and the CG (post1/post2: P = 0.019). The left RF increased Tc in the CG (P = 0.036) and pre/post2 and Ts in the CG compared to the IG (post2: P = 0.0480.048). In the left VL Dm increased (pre/post2: P = 0.046 and post1/post2: P = 0.018), Td (pre/post2: P = 0.010) and Tc (pre/post2: P = 0.051 and post1/post2: P = 0.003) for the CG. In the IG, the right VL, both Td (P = 0.024) and Tc (P = 0.021) decreased between post1/post2. For the intragroup analysis (pre, post1 and post2) the Student's t-test was used, whereas for the intragroup analysis, the ANOVA was used (significance > P 0.05).Conclusions Considering the characteristics of the sample and understanding that the decrease of TMG parameters represents an improvement in the mechanical characteristics of the muscle, the findings of this pilot study suggest that the intervention with percutaneous neuromodulation in the IG produces greater recovery and improved activation after 12 hours on the RF and VL. However, the increase of these parameters in the CG results in greater fatigue.Introducción y objetivos La neuromodulación percutánea es una técnica ecoguiada, que aborda el nervio periférico, utilizando una aguja de acupuntura como electrodo de una corriente tipo TENS con efectos positivos demostrados en el dolor pero no en la actividad muscular. La Tensiomiografía (TMG) es una técnica de valoración no invasiva, fiable que da información instantánea de las características mecánicas de músculos superficiales. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar si la neuromodulación percutánea produce efectos en los parámetros de contracción muscular.Material y métodos Estudio analítico experimental longitudinal con grupo control, con una muestra de 11 futbolistas de 3ª División dividida aleatoriamente en grupo de intervención (GI = 5) y grupo control (GC = 6). Se valora con Tensiomiografía (TMG-S2, EMF-FURLAN & Co.) la deformación máxima (Dm), tiempo de respuesta (Td), tiempo de contracción (Tc), tiempo de relajación (Tr) y tiempo de mantenimiento de contracción (Ts) del recto femoral (RF) y vasto lateral (VL) de ambas piernas inmediatamente después de la sesión de entrenamiento (Pre), tras 10' de reposo después de la intervención (Post1) y tras 12 horas de descanso la mañana siguiente (Post2). Se intervienen ambos nervios femorales con una aguja en eje largo y en corte transversal justo por debajo de ellos. Usando un Electroestimulador (ITO, modelo ES- 160), se aplica al GI durante 5' corriente tipo TENS de 200µs, 1 Hz y con una intensidad suficiente para conseguir una contracción visible del cuádriceps no molesta. Se cierra el canal con electrodos adhesivos colocados medialmente a las EIAS. Al GC se le aplicó un placebo con agujas y electrodos en los mismos puntos anatómicos conectados a un Electroestimulador sin corriente durante 5' (con Physio Invasiva).Resultados En el RF derecho disminuye Td en GI (pre/post2: P = 0,005) y entre grupos (post1: P = 0,017 y post2: P = 0,014). En Tc encontramos diferencias en GI (pre/post2: P= 0,008) y en GC (post1/post2: P = 0,019). En RF izquierdo aumenta Tc en GC (P = 0.036) en pre/post2 y Ts en GC respecto a GI (post2: P = 0.048). En VL izquierdo aumenta Dm (pre/post2: P = 0.046 y post1/post2: P = 0.018), Td (pre/post2: P = 0.010) y Tc (pre/post2: P = 0.051 y post1/post2: P = 0.003) para GC. En GI en VL derecho desciende Td (P = 0.024) y Tc (P = 0.021) entre post1/post2. Para el análisis intragrupo (pre, post1 y post2) se usó la T de student y para intergrupos se utilizó la ANOVA (Significación > de P 0.05).Conclusiones atendiendo a las características de la muestra y entendiendo que la disminución de los parámetros de la TMG representa una mejora en las características mecánicas del músculo, de este estudio piloto podría deducirse que la intervención con neuromodulación percutánea en el GI produce una mayor recuperación y, mejor activación, tras 12 horas en el RF y VL. Mientras que el aumento de estos en el GC representa mayor fatiga.

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A., P.-B., D., R.-R., F., O.-P., & R., V.-D. (2019). Effects of percutaneous neuromodulation on the mechanical characteristics of the rectus femoris and the vastus lateralis in football players: a pilot study. Revista Fisioterapia Invasiva / Journal of Invasive Techniques in Physical Therapy, 02(02), 086–087. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3401867

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