Promoting social and collaborative language learning among older adults in the digital era: Development and evaluation of a smartphone app prototype using a design-thinking approach

Abstract

Background: Older adults constitute a large and fast-growing segment of the population for whom language learning may be especially beneficial. However, current mobile applications (apps) for language learning overlook older users’ needs and capabilities, resulting in low app uptake among them and eventually hindering their continued access to learning opportunities in an increasingly digitalized world. Objective: We explored older adults’ needs, behaviors, and learning goals to develop an innovative app prototype specifically designed to facilitate language learning among them. Method: We followed a design-thinking process completed over three phases with 22 German-speaking older adults (aged 60+) as potential end-users. During phase I (needfinding), we conducted semi-structured individual interviews and identified the main themes that guided the generation of concepts in phase II (brainstorming). The best concept was implemented in phase III (prototyping) as a smartphone app prototype, which was subsequently pilot-tested with a subgroup of the interviewees in individual evaluation sessions. Results: Our participants wished for language-learning tools that promote (i) face-to-face social interaction, (ii) an active lifestyle, and (iii) practice opportunities to achieve a variety of language-learning goals. Our concept covers those needs in a novel manner by allowing users to learn a language while practicing a hobby with matched partners or groups. It offers a learner-centered experience and promotes social and collaborative learning among peer users. The prototype was positively received and obtained high usability scores. The features of the app are discussed in the light of multiple dimensions of language learning, insights from social and educational gerontology, and human factors research. Conclusion: Older adults can provide us with valuable insights into requirements for appbased innovations aimed at enhancing their learning experiences and social lives in the digital era. The developed concept and its features can serve as a model to better tailor language-learning apps to older users’ needs.