Guanine-Derived Porous Carbonaceous Materials: Towards C1N1

Abstract

Herein, the basic nature of noble covalent, sp2-conjugated materials prepared via direct condensation of guanine in the presence of an inorganic salt melt as structure directing agent was studied. At temperatures below 700 °C stable and more basic addition products with at C/N ratio of 1 (C1N1 adducts) and with rather uniform micropore sizes were formed. Carbonization at higher temperatures broke the structural motif, and N-doped carbons with 11 wt % and surface areas of 1900 m2 g−1 were obtained. The capability for CO2 sorption and catalytic activity of the materials depended of both their basicity and their pore morphology. The optimization of the synthetic parameters led to very active (100 % conversion) and highly selective (99 % selectivity) heterogeneous base catalysts, as exemplified with the model Knoevenagel condensation of benzaldehyde with malononitrile. The high stability upon oxidation of these covalent materials and their basicity open new perspectives in heterogeneous organocatalysis.