Male reproductive ultrasound

Abstract

Approximately 15% of couples are unable to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse. A male factor can be responsible for up to 20-30% of infertile couples and contributory in up to 50% of cases. Men can be infertile due to pre-testicular, testicular, and post-testicular etiologies. A genetic origin can account for 15% of cases. Advances in imaging have greatly improved our diagnostic abilities; however, 50% of cases remain idiopathic. Ultrasound (US) is a safe, noninvasive, inexpensive, and readily available tool for physicians involved with male reproductive and sexual medicine. Ultrasound of the male reproductive system through scrotal, penile, transrectal, and perineal ultrasound can assist in diagnosing the etiology of male infertility. Ultrasound can also confirm the physical exam or provided critical information when the physical exam is inconclusive or challenging. Utilizing ultrasound is often crucial in the comprehensive evaluation of male reproduction.