Multicriteria Decision Method for Siting Wind and Solar Power Plants in Central North Namibia

Abstract

We demonstrate the application of geomatics tools (remote sensing and geographic information systems) for spatial data analysis to determine potential locations for wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) energy plants in the Central North region of Namibia. In accordance with sustainable development goal 7 (affordable and clean energy) and goal 13 (climate action), the Namibian government has committed to reducing reliance on fossil fuels. In support of this, suitable locations for renewable energy plants need to be identified. Using multi-criteria decision-making and the analytical hierarchy process, sites were selected considering topographical, economic, climatic, and environmental factors. It was found that the highest potential for solar PV energy plants is in the northwest, southwest, and southern regions of the study area, whereas only the northwest region is highly suitable for wind power plants. These results were substantiated by comparison with global suitability maps, with some differences due to the datasets used. The findings can be used as a guide by governments, commercial investors, and other stakeholders to determine prospective sites for the development of renewable energy in Central North Namibia.