Cutting Edge: In the Absence of TGF-β Signaling in T Cells, Fewer CD103+ Regulatory T Cells Develop, but Exuberant IFN-γ Production Renders Mice More Susceptible to Helminth Infection

Abstract

Multiple factors control susceptibility of C57BL/6 mice to infection with the helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus, including TGF-β signaling, which inhibits immunity in vivo. However, mice expressing a T cell-specific dominant-negative TGF-β receptor II (TGF-βRII DN) show dampened Th2 immunity and diminished resistance to infection. Interestingly, H. polygyrus-infected TGF-βRII DN mice show greater frequencies of CD4+Foxp3+Helios+ Tregs than infected wild-type mice, but levels of CD103 are greatly reduced on both these cells and on the CD4+Foxp3+Helios– population. Although Th9 and Th17 levels are comparable between infected TGF-βRII DN and wild-type mice, the former develop exaggerated CD4+ and CD8+ T cell IFN-γ responses. Increased susceptibility conferred by TGF-βRII DN expression was lost in IFN-γ–deficient mice, although they remained unable to completely clear infection. Hence, overexpression of IFN-γ negatively modulates immunity, and the presence of Helios+ Tregs may maintain susceptibility on the C57BL/6 background.