Mineral Deposits Associated with Carbonatites and Alkaline Complexes

Abstract

Geological and mineralogical characteristics of the carbonatites are summarized comparing with those of the sedimentary carbonate rocks. Then, kinds and natures of the mineral deposits genetically related with the carbonatites and alkaline complexes are described briefly based on the literatures. Emphasis was given especially on such kinds of mineral deposits as niobium, cerium, phosphorus and vermiculite deposits. Many occurrences of the mineral deposits, not only of the above-mentioned types, but also of strontium, barium, zirconium, titanium, iron, copper and molybdenum, are listed in table with literatures. ‚Ü ‚¦ ‚ª ‚« 1960 "N 10 OEŽ, ƒAƒt ƒŠƒJ, ƒ^ ƒ"ƒUƒj ƒA‚Ì "OE'n •a 'Ñ (the Eastern Rift) ' † ‚É ‚ ‚é Šˆ‰ÎŽRƒIŠˆ‰ÎŽRƒI ƒ‹ ƒhƒC ƒj ƒ ‡ ƒOE ƒ"ƒKƒC (Oldoinyo Lengai) ‚Å, ‚Ù‚AE‚ñ ‚Ç'YŽ_‰-•z •¨ ‚¾‚¯ ‚© ‚畬 ‚é"Á ˆÙ‚È-o Šâ ‚ª, ‚» ‚Ì "ì ‰ÎOEû 'ê ' † ‚̈ê‚Ìˆê ‰Î OEû‚© ‚畬 •o ‚µ ‚½‚± ‚AE‚ª, •K ‚¢ 'n Ž¿ŠwŽÒŽ© •g ‚É ‚ae‚‚Ä'¼•ÚŠÏ Ž@‚³ ‚ê ‚é ‚AE‚¢ ‚¤ ‚± ‚AE‚ª ‹N ‚« ‚½•B ‚± ‚Ì Žž•¬ •o ‚µ ‚½-o Šâ ‚Ì ‰»Šw'g •¬ ‚Í, ‚¨‚¨‚ae‚¨‚¨‚¨‚¨‚ae ‚» Na2O : 29 •` 30%, CaO : 14%, K2O : 6 •` 7%, CO2 : 30 •`32%, F : 2 •` 3%, H2O : 7 •` 8% ‚Å, OE]Ž_•ª ‚Í •-•Õ ‚µ ‚©"F ‚ß ‚ç ‚ê ‚È ‚©‚‚½ (Dawson, J. B., 1962)•B ‚· ‚Å‚É ‚¸‚¢‚¸‚¢ •ª 'O ‚© ‚ç,-ì ŠO‚Å ‚Ì ŽY•ó ‚â •z •¨ Šw"I •E‰» Šw"I "Á'¥ ‚È ‚Ç‚É ‚ae ‚‚Ä, ƒ} ƒOƒ}•¬ ‚AE•l ‚¦ ‚ç ‚ê ‚é 'YŽ_‰-Šâ-Þ (mag-matic carbonate rocks) ‚Ì ' ¶ •Ý‚· ‚é ‚± ‚AE‚ª, ˆê •" ‚Ì •l •X‚É ‚ae‚Â‚Ä Žw"E ‚³ ‚ê ‚Ä-ˆ‚Ä‚¨‚舂è‚è (-Ⴆ ‚Î Brogger, W. C., 1921), ‚Ü‚½•Å‹ß ‚Å‚Í, 'YŽ_‰-ƒ} ƒOƒ} ‚Ì ' ¶ •Ý ‚· ‚é ‰Â "\ •« ‚ª ŽÀOE± "I ‚É ‚à Ž¦ ‚³ ‚ê ‚½(Wyllie, P. J. and Tuttle, O. F., 1959, 1960 a, 1960 b)-î •ae ‚¾‚‚½ ‚¾‚¯ ‚É, ‚± ‚Ì •ñ •• ‚Í, ‚¢ ‚í ‚ä ‚é "ƒJ •[ ƒ{ƒi ƒ^ƒC ƒg (carbonatites)" 1)-â 'è ‚É ‚AE‚‚Ä, ˆê ‚Â‚Ì OEˆ'è 'Å ‚AE‚È ‚‚½‚© ‚Ì Š´‚ªŠ´‚ª ‚ ‚‚½•B ƒJ •[ ƒ{ ƒi ƒ^ƒC ƒg‚É‚Í '½ ‚-‚Ì Šâ •Î Šw"I-â'è ‚ª ŠÜ‚Ü‚ê ‚Ä‚¢ ‚é¡ ‚Ü‚½•z •° Šw‚Ì-§ •ê ‚©‚ç ‚Ý ‚Ä‚à, "ñ •í ‚É‹»-¡ ‚Ì ‚ ‚é Šâ •Î ‚AE OE¾ ‚ ‚Ä‚ae‚¢ •B ƒJ •[ ƒ{ ƒi ƒ^ƒC ƒg‚¨‚aeƒg‚¨‚ae ‚Ñ‚» ‚ê ‚É "º ‚¤ ƒAƒ‹ ƒJ ƒŠŠâ •¡ • ‡ Šâ 'Ì ‚Ì ‚ ‚é ‚à ‚Ì ‚Í, Nb, Ce, P, •g •Î ‚È ‚Ç‚Ì-L-p •z •° ‚AE‚µ ‚Ä‚· ‚Å‚É ŠJ"-‰Ò •s ‚³ ‚ê ‚Ä‚¢ ‚é ‚µ, ‚Ü‚½ Zr, Ti, Cu, Fe ‚È ‚Ç‚Ì •z •° ‚AE‚µ ‚Ä'•-Ú‚ð-• * "OE 'å-• Šw •"'nŽ¿Šw ‹³ Žº 1) "ƒJ •[ ƒ{ƒiƒ^ƒCƒg" ‚AE ‚¢ ‚¤Šâ•Î-¼‚Í,•l ‚É‚ae‚è‚»‚Ì "à-e ‚ðˆÙ‚É‚· ‚é•B‚± ‚± ‚Å‚Í, •Å‹ß•L ‚-Žg‚í ‚ê‚Ä‚¢ ‚é‚ae‚¤‚É, "ƒAƒ‹ƒJ ƒŠ Šâ•¡ • ‡Šâ 'Ì (alkaline complex) ‚Ü‚½‚Í ‚»‚ê‚É'Î ‰ž ‚· ‚é‰Î ŽR 'Ì ‚Ì OE`OE`•¬‚AE •¬ˆö"I‚É-§‚ÉŠÖ˜A‚µ‚ħ‚ÉŠÖ˜A‚µ‚Ä • ¶ ‚ ¶‚Ä‚¢‚é'Y Ž_‰-Šâ" ‚É'Î ‚µ‚Ä, ‚±‚Ì-¼ 'O‚ðŽg ‚¤‚±‚AE ‚AE ‚· ‚é•BˆÈ‰º ‚Å‚Í, ‚±‚ê‚ðƒJ•[ ƒ{ƒiƒ^ƒCƒg‚AE ‰¼-¼ •' ‚«‚µ, "-" ‚ð‚Í ‚¸‚·‚¸‚· •B 13