Analisis Keragaman Genetik Galur Kedelai Transgenik Toleran Cekaman Aluminium dan Varietas Non-Trasngenik Berdasarkan Marka SSR

Abstract

High genetic variation and large population's mean are prerequisite for population selection in order to obtain superior strains (or improved populations of cross-pollinated plants). Genetic variation is strongly influenced by genetic factors and environmental factors. The combination of these two factors will produce genetic variation in plants population. Genetically modified plants are likely to undergo genetic changes due to the insertion of genes and or the influence of media or growth regulators, during the in vitro regeneration process. The level of genetic variation in genetically modified plants requires molecular characterization to determine the rate of genetic change. Microsatellite markers (SSR-Simple Sequence Repeat) is a molecular marker that can be used to determine the genetic variation in population. Four transgenic soybean lines that are tolerant to aluminum stress, namely GM2, GM5, GM10 and GM14 lines, had been generated through genetic engineering by inserting the aluminum accumulator gene (MaMt2) isolated from Harendong (Melastoma affine) using Agrobacterium tumefaciens vector. These four lines showed tolerance to acid soil pH 3.7-4.8 in the test at the Biosafety Containment Facility. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic variation of Al tolerant transgenic soybean lines and non-transgenic soybean varieties based on SSR markers. Results showed that there were genetic variation in the samples tested, of which 15 soybean samples analyzed could be divided into two groups, namely transgenic and non-transgenic, with a similarity matrix value of 0.47 based on SSR markers.