Auxin and Cytokinin Effect on In vitro Callus Induction of Maize ( Zea mays L.) Srikandi Putih

Abstract

Maize plant (Zea mays L.) can be an alternative for sustainable forage because easy to obtain and can be cultivated in the dry season. Increasing plant biomass is needed to maximize maize plants as a forage crop through genetic mutations. Callus production by tissue culture is one of the planting materials used on plant mutagens. This study was done to identify the response of auxin and cytokinin hormone in callus induction of maize plant Srikandi Putih on root and stem explants. Kinetin and BAP (0.1 mg/L), and without cytokinin were combined with auxin 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) hormone, at two concentrations 1 and 2 mg/L. Stem explants from in vitro seedlings could produce callus 40-100%, while root explants from in vitro seedlings could produce callus 44-100%. MS medium containing 2,4-D 2 mg/L without cytokinin produced the highest callus both in roots and stems. The highest callus fresh weight (0.553g) was obtained in MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D 1 mg/L without cytokinin in the stem, while in the roots, 2,4-D 1 mg/L and Kinetin 0.1 mg/L produced the highest fresh weight (0085g).