Major Causes Associated with Clinical Trials Failure and Selective Strategies to Reduce these Consequences: A Review

Abstract

New drug development is a highly regulated and complex process that involves the pharmaceutical industry, academic institutions, and government agencies' collaborative work. In pre-clinical testing, statistics indicate that out of 5000 compounds only five enter and evaluated in human clinical trials, moreover, only one drug is approved for human use. The whole process of drug development takes around $2-2.5 billion and a time of 12-15 years to complete. Around 50% of investigational compound