Flow cytometric estimation of cytotoxic activity of rhodexin A isolated from Rhodea japonica in human leukemia K562 cells

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Abstract

We have examined the cytotoxic effect of rhodexin A isolated from the extract of Rhodea japonica on human leukemia K562 cells using a flow cytometer and compared it with that of ouabain. Rhodexin A at 30 nM started to attenuate growth without affecting viability and further increases in the concentration of rhodexin A (100 nM or more) completely inhibited growth with decreasing viability. Rhodexin A at 30-100 nM increased the G2M population, but decreased the G0G1 population, suggesting cell cycle arrest in the G2M phase. Rhodexin A at 100 nM increased the number of cells with hypodiploid DNA, indicating that rhodexin A induced apoptosis. The potency of rhodexin A to inhibit growth was greater than that of ouabain. The results indicate that rhodexin A exerts a potent inhibitory action on the growth of human leukemia K562 cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Rhodexin A may also be a candidate for cancer treatment because there have been clinical reports of tumor regression in patients taking cardiac glycosides.

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Umebayashi, C., Yamamoto, N., Nakao, H., Toi, Y., Chikahisa-Muramatsu, L., Kanemaru, K., … Oyama, Y. (2003). Flow cytometric estimation of cytotoxic activity of rhodexin A isolated from Rhodea japonica in human leukemia K562 cells. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 26(5), 627–630. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.26.627

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