Urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin to diagnose and characterize acute kidney injury in dogs

Abstract

Background: Urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a promising biomarker of acute kidney injury (AKI) in dogs. Objectives: To evaluate the utility of urinary NGAL for characterizing AKI according to volume responsiveness, presence of inflammation and sepsis, and prognosis. Animals: Dogs with AKI (n = 76) and healthy controls (n = 10). Methods: Prospective study. Clinical and clinicopathologic data including absolute urine NGAL concentration (uNGAL) and NGAL normalized to urine creatinine concentration (uNGALC) were measured upon admission. Dogs were graded according to International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) AKI guidelines and compared based on AKI features: volume-responsive (VR-) AKI vs. intrinsic (I-) AKI based on IRIS criteria; VR-AKI and I-AKI based on urine chemistry; inflammatory versus noninflammatory; septic versus nonseptic; and survivors versus nonsurvivors. Nonparametric statistics were calculated, and significance set at P