Vitamin A and public health: challenges for the next decade

Abstract

A considerable amount has been learned since 1980 on the role of vitamin A in mortality and morbidity from infectious diseases. The results of epidemiological studies which have yielded this broad body of data are reviewed. The literature is discussed with regard to vitamin A deficiency and mortality and morbidity in infants aged 6 months and older and young children; the safety and efficacy of vitamin A supplementation in early infancy; the safety and efficacy, in both mother and infant, of vitamin A supplementation during pregnancy; vitamin A and HIV infection; the importance of vitamin A deficiency in older children and adolescents; and the potential of dietary interventions to improve vitamin A status. Seven major public health and nutrition challenges to address in developing countries over the next decade are listed.