Ischemic stroke and heart failure: Facts and numbers. an update

Abstract

Heart failure (HF) is a severe clinical syndrome accompanied by a number of comorbidi-ties. Ischemic stroke occurs frequently in patients with HF as a complication of the disease. In the present review, we aimed to summarize the current state of research on the role of cardio–cerebral interactions in the prevalence, etiology, and prognosis of both diseases. The main pathophysiologi-cal mechanisms underlying the development of stroke in HF and vice versa are discussed. In addi-tion, we reviewed the results of recent clinical trials investigating the prevalence and prevention of stroke in patients with HF.