New Directions in Language Learning Strategy Research: Engaging with the Complexity of Strategy Use

Abstract

Over the years, the language learning strategy concept has been controversial on a number of levels. These include definition, classification, theoretical underpinnings, the relationship between strategies and successful learning, strategy orchestration, learning context, learning goal or target, the relationship between/among strategies and learner variables, strategy instruction and research methodology. This article will review these controversies before focusing on the challenges which remain for the complex language learning strategy phenomenon. It will conclude by suggesting new directions for the future of the field of strategy research.