Mechanism of low-carbon sports tourism behavior based on an extended theory of planned behavior

Abstract

This study extended the theory of planned behavior (TPB) by integrating two additional factors: low-carbon sports tourism cognition and environmental literacy. Subsequently, the expanded model was tested to gauge its effectiveness in determining low-carbon sports tourism behavior. The results showed that including environmental literacy and low-carbon sports tourism cognition considerably enhances the extended TPB model's capacity to elucidate low-carbon sports tourism behavior. The independent variables in the comprehensive model account for 20.5% of the variation in low-carbon sports tourism behavior conflict and 36.4% of the variability in behavioral intention. Upon comparing the augmented TPB model for low-carbon sports tourism behavioral intention to the original model, there was a rate of change in the explanatory power of ΔR2 = 0.65. Similarly, for low-carbon sports tourism behavior, the developed TPB model demonstrated a rate of change in the explanatory power of ΔR2 = 0.41. Several recommendations emerged from the findings, including the need for heightened awareness of low-carbon sports tourism, fostering greater accountability among tourists for their low-carbon sports tourism activities, enhancing publicity and educational efforts regarding low-carbon sports tourism, and reducing the financial barriers associated with low-carbon sports tourism for travelers. Further examination suggests that these strategies not only enhance the practical applicability of the model but also promote more sustainable practices within the industry. In conclusion, the study underscores the need to integrate environmental considerations into sports tourism planning and promotion because such integration can substantially enhance individual and collective environmental responsibility.