Sites of the NUDT9-H domain critical for ADP-ribose activation of the cation channel TRPM2

Abstract

TRPM2 is a cation channel unique within the transient receptor potential family because of its gating by ADP-ribose (ADPR). ADPR gating is enabled by a cytosolic C-terminal Nudix box sequence motif embedded into a region homologous to the NUDT9 ADPR pyrophosphatase. A recently discovered splice variant of TRPM2 (TRPM2-ΔC) lacks 34 amino acid residues in the NUDT9 domain and is insensitive to ADPR. To analyze in detail which parts of the deleted sequence (ΔC-stretch) are critical for ADPR gating, we tested mutants that lacked 19, 25, and 29 amino acid residues in the N-terminal part or had amino acid residues substituted in the remaining C-terminal part of the ΔC-stretch. All of these mutants displayed typical ADPR-induced currents. However, the deletion or substitution of the amino acid residue Asn-1326 immediately downstream of the ΔC-stretch abrogated ADPR gating. We furthermore analyzed the mutation I1405E/L1406F in the Nudix box of TRPM2, because a considerably decreased ADPRase activity of the TRPM2 NUDT9-H protein in comparison to the NUDT9 pyrophosphatase has been attributed to the reverse exchange EF → IL. The I1405E/ L1406F variant of TRPM2 failed to respond to ADPR even at concentrations up to 10 mM. We concluded that the ΔC-stretch contains no individual amino acid residues essential for ADPR gating but may act as a spacer segment stabilizing a conformation necessary for the essential residue Asn-1326 to interact with other channel regions. Enhancing the enzymatic activity of the Nudix box abolishes the ADPR gating of TRPM2, pointing to the requirement of prolonged binding rather than degradation.