Normative values of EQ-5D-5L: in a Spanish representative population sample from Spanish Health Survey, 2011

Abstract

Purpose: To derive EQ-5D-5L Spanish population norms based on a national representative sample adjusted by age, gender and region. Methods: A representative sample of the Spanish general population (n = 21,007) was used in a cross-sectional study. The source of data was the Spanish National Health Survey 2011–2012. All socio-demographic factors and clinical characteristics were carried to a descriptive analysis. All variables were stratified by region, gender and age-group. Results: The utility value 1 is the most repeated (62 %) in this representative population sample. This study showed a deterioration of health states as age increases. Overall, men reported better health status than women. In relation to ceiling effect by regions, there was little difference with the highest scores. Conversely, the lowest score corresponds to Galicia. Conclusions: The paper reports EQ-5D-5L normative data for Spanish general population, based on a national representative sample adjusted by region, gender and age-group. These results may serve as reference data of the population health status. A regional difference in health status could be observed, which might suggest that policies aiming to reduce regional inequalities are important.