Enfoques positivos y normativos en el estudio de las políticas de ciencia y tecnología

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to show how normative approaches to scientific research and technological development (R&D) policies have shaped positive analysis. It presents a general overview of those contributions from decision makers and researchers to the early debates that founded social studies of research and development in mid 40s. Moreover, this article uses the distinction between positive and normative approaches to hold that international organizations, especially OECD, held the leadership in the normative construction of R&D discourses, and that subsequent positive analyses have been conducted in academia following normative guidelines. This applies for both national and international academic circles.