Effectiveness of sunscreen on galangal (Alpinia galangal) crude extract using the microwave-assisted extraction method

Abstract

Sunscreen is widely used in cosmetics as skin protection to reduce or prevent damage caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This formulation of sunscreen contained compounds to absorb and reflect UV light. One natural ingredient that has sunscreen potential is Alpinia galangal which has anti-UV properties. Galangal contains flavonoid compound which has a significant role in warding off UV rays. At the same time, it also includes other compositions that have an anti-UV such as phenolic, saponin, alkaloid and terpenoids. The purpose of this research was to determine the best extraction condition and effectiveness of galangal extracted sunscreen. The sample of galangal was extracted using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method with ethanol as a solvent. The resulting extract was then used for sunscreen cream and physically tested to identify the effectiveness, indicated by SPF and irritation tests. The yield extract obtained was around 5.5% for 2 hours, with 500 W for power and ethanol ratio 1:3. The galangal extract Sunscreen has an SPF value of approximately 15, categorised in the high protection category, and the physical properties are stable. In this study, it was concluded that galangal extract has anti-UV properties, and the irritation test proved that sunscreen with galangal extract cause no irritation symptoms and was considered safe for use on normal skin.