Energy balance and energy conversion process of LEDs and LED lighting systems

Abstract

Light energy irradiated on plants cultivated in a plant factory with artificial lighting (PFAL) is supplied from electrical energy through lamps that convert electricity into light. Plants exploit light as the energy source for driving photosynthesis. Plants also use light as a signal to trigger photomorphogenesis. An efficient use of both light and electrical energy is necessary for PFALs. This chapter presents a discussion of efficiencies of conversions step-by-step, from electrical input energy to the final chemical energy stored primarily as carbohydrates in crops in a PFAL.