Pharmacotherapy Pattern and Treatment Outcomes of Stroke Patients Admitted to Jimma University Medical Center, Ethiopia

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Despite the fact that stroke has been reported as one of the top three leading causes of death and morbidity in Ethiopia, there are limited data regarding the management of stroke and clinical outcomes. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate the pharmacotherapy of stroke and factors associated with poor treatment outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC) among adult stroke patients managed from 2014 to 2017. Clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes data were analyzed by using SPSS version 21. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify the predictors of poor treatment outcomes. Two-sided P < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 153 illegible patient cases were included in this study. The majority, 111 (72.5%), were male and the mean age of the patients was 57±13.7 years. Among 153 stroke patients, 112 (73.2%) patients presented with ischemic stroke. Aspirin and statins (78.6%) were the most commonly used treatment among ischemic stroke patients, whereas enalapril was used in about (43%) of stroke patients to treat high blood pressure. About 61 (40%) stroke patients had poor treatment outcomes; of this, 36 (23.5%) died in hospital. Older age (AOR = 1.034; 95% CI: 1.003-1.069), history of heart failure (AOR = 4.26; 95% CI: 1.58-11.48), loss of consciousness diabetes (AOR = 3.05 95% CI: 1.25-7.44), and aspiration pneumonia (AOR = 5.94; 95% CI: 2.46-14.32) were significantly associated with poor treatment outcomes. CONCLUSION: Overall, treatment of stroke patients was sub-optimal and almost half of the patients had poor treatment outcomes. Availing of thrombolytic therapy, devising appropriate preventive measures of risk factors (hypertension), and decreasing preventable complication such as aspiration pneumonia could improve patient outcomes.