Facial expression is widely used as a measure of pain in infants; whether nonhuman animals display such pain expressions has never been systematically assessed. We developed the mouse grimace scale (MGS), a standardized behavioral coding system with high accuracy and reliability; assays involving noxious stimuli of moderate duration are accompanied by facial expressions of pain. This measure of spontaneously emitted pain may provide insight into the subjective pain experience of mice. © 2010 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.
CITATION STYLE
Langford, D. J., Bailey, A. L., Chanda, M. L., Clarke, S. E., Drummond, T. E., Echols, S., … Mogil, J. S. (2010). Coding of facial expressions of pain in the laboratory mouse. Nature Methods, 7(6), 447–449. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.1455
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