CREM activator and repressor isoforms in human testis: Sequence variations and inaccurate splicing during impaired spermatogenesis

Abstract

cAMP responsive element modulator (CREM) activators are specifically expressed in haploid germ cells prior to cell elongation and are essential for spermatid development in mice. Recent studies indicate that CREM activators are also involved in the process of spermatid maturation in men. Unlike the activators, CREM repressors were suggested to be absent from adult mouse and dog testes. The present work investigates CREM transcripts in human testis with normal (n = 4) and impaired spermatogenesis (n = 2). Two activator transcripts could be identified corresponding to the τ2 isoform with and without exon γ-. Interestingly, four CREM repressors could be isolated from specimens with complete spermatogenesis. These were γ-repressor (exons B, E, F, H, I(b)), CREM ΔC-F, β (exons B, G, H, I(b)), CREM ΔC-G, β (exons B, H, I(b)), and CREM ΔC-G, α (exons B, H, I(a), I(b)). These isoforms were also present in cynomolgus monkey testes. A novel CREM splice variant (CREM ΔC-H) was detected in a specimen with spermatid maturation defect. Beyond that, inaccurate CREM splicing, giving rise to inactive transcripts, was encountered in a specimen with impaired spermatogenesis. In conclusion, several CREM repressor transcripts are present in adult human testes, and altered transcript splicing is associated with impaired spermatogenesis.