Nanomaterials in Electrochemical Biosensors and Their Applications

Abstract

Nanotechnology is a revolutionary breakthrough in the field of science and technology. Today the smart use of nanomaterials in different sectors such as medicine, agriculture, food, information technology etc., have enhanced performance and productivity. In the last two decades, nanomaterials have aroused much interest in fabrications of biosensor electrodes for disease diagnosis and various biological applications. Nanomaterials such as quantum dots, gold nanoparticles, carbon nanostructures, and polymers nanostructures are promising candidates in biosensor fabrication due to their high bioreceptor capacity at a reduced volume and immobilization property. Moreover, the high selectivity and sensitivity of these devices have added potential advantage towards monitoring biological contaminants, and chemical and physical hazards in the food and agricultural products. This chapter focuses on the role of nanomaterials in biosensor construction and detection of various biomolecules. In context, it covers various types and processing of nanomaterials and their position in the fabrication of different biosensors, especially for disease diagnosis and detection of biological pathogens. Finally, it details the challenges and future developments required for fabrication of the nanomaterials-based biosensor.