Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic vascular disease, leads to molecular events bound with interplaying processes of inflammation and coagulation. In the present study, fibronectin (FN), FN containing extra domain A (EDA-FN), frequency of occurrence, and relative amounts of soluble plasma FN-fibrin complexes were analyzed in 80 plasma samples of patients suspected of coronary artery disease based on clinical evaluation and changes in arteries found by computed tomographic coronary angiography. The study showed that in the plasma of the patients’ group with high risk of coronary artery disease EDA-FN concentration was significantly higher (3.5 ± 2.5 mg/L; P < 0.025) and the molecular FN-fibrin complexes of 1000 kDa and higher occurred more often than in the groups of patients with mild risk of coronary artery disease and the normal age-matched. The increased level of EDA-FN and occurrence of FN-fibrin complexes could have a potential diagnostic value in the diagnosis and management of patients with coronary artery disease.
Figures
![Fig. 1. Distribution of FN (a) and EDA-FN (b) concentrations in plasma of patients with atherosclerosis. pFN (a) and EDA-FN (b) concentrations were determined by ELISA [35], using two monoclonal antibodies domain-specific directed to cell-binding domain of FN (FN30-8; M010 TaKaRa Shuzo Co. Ltd., Shiga, Japan) and EDA segment of FN (EMDMillipore, Merck KGaA Darmstadt, Germany). For details see “Materials and Methods.” Data are given as mean values ± SD, median, and (25th and 75th) quartiles. Significantly different from the age-matched normal group calculated by the Kruskal–Wallis and post hoc tests.](https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/com.mendeley.prod.article-extracted-content/images/d0cb7771-e4f7-37c6-8c2e-f6fecadbe00b/thumbnail-9d7a1150-b453-46d7-ba1f-6e2acbee8463-1.png)
![Fig. 2. Representative immunopatterns of FN-fibrin complexes in plasma samples of patients with atherosclerosis and age-matched normal group. The 101 blood plasma samples of atherosclerotic patients and age-matched normal individuals were subjected to SDS-agarose immunoblotting under non-reducing conditions [32]. For details see “Materials and Methods.” Plasma samples: lanes 1–2, significant coronary artery changes; lane 3, mild coronary artery changes; lanes 4–5, normal age-matched plasma. The molecular masses of the 750 to 2200 kDa plasma FN-fibrin complexes and 500 kDa FN dimer are shown by arrows on the left.](https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/com.mendeley.prod.article-extracted-content/images/d0cb7771-e4f7-37c6-8c2e-f6fecadbe00b/thumbnail-8aa8c935-5e01-4a46-a71c-fb2e108627a7-4.png)
![Fig. 5. The role of EDA-FN and FN-fibrin complexes in atherosclerosis. The released inflammatory agents during a disease are known to initiate the reactions of the coagulation cascade and formation of FN-fibrin complexes, which can be easily detected by agarose immunoblotting as a ladder of bands showing molecular masses from 750 to 2200 kDa (Fig. 2). The FN-fibrin complexes occurring in plasma may lead to hypercoagulability, thrombosis, and vessel occlusion [15, 42]. Moreover, the harmful inflammatory agents and age-related processes occurring in arteries provoke ECM remodeling [43], which results from release of ECM components including cellular FN bearing an EDA segment (Fig. 1b). EDA is known to play a significant role in the repair process and in atherosclerosis [9, 26–28].](https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/com.mendeley.prod.article-extracted-content/images/d0cb7771-e4f7-37c6-8c2e-f6fecadbe00b/thumbnail-b27370ef-e37f-4b8a-8217-4420bdfa34f0-6.png)
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CITATION STYLE
Lemańska-Perek, A., Krzyżanowska-Gołąb, D., Pupek, M., Klimeczek, P., Witkiewicz, W., & Kątnik-Prastowska, I. (2016). Analysis of Soluble Molecular Fibronectin-Fibrin Complexes and EDA-Fibronectin Concentration in Plasma of Patients with Atherosclerosis. Inflammation, 39(3), 1059–1068. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-016-0336-0
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