Diet and Kidney Function: a Literature Review

Abstract

Purpose of Review: The burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing worldwide. For CKD prevention, it is important to gain insight in commonly consumed foods and beverages in relation to kidney function. Recent Findings: We included 21 papers of prospective cohort studies with 3–24 years of follow-up. We focused on meat, fish, dairy, vegetables, fruit, coffee, tea, soft drinks, and dietary patterns. There was convincing evidence that a healthy dietary pattern may lower CKD risk. Plant-based foods, coffee, and dairy may be beneficial. Unhealthy diets and their components, such as red (processed) meat and sugar-sweetened beverages, may promote kidney function loss. For other foods and beverages, associations with CKD were neutral and/or the number of studies was too limited to draw conclusions. Summary: Healthy dietary patterns are associated with a lower risk of CKD. More research is needed into the effects of specific food groups and beverages on kidney function.