Reciprocal relationship between O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase P140K expression level and chemoprotection of hematopoietic stem cells

Abstract

Retroviral-mediated delivery of the P140K mutant O6- methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMTP140K) into hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) has been proposed as a means to protect against dose-limiting myelosuppressive toxicity ensuing from chemotherapy combining O 6-alkylating agents (e.g., temozolomide) with pseudosubstrate inhibitors (such as O6-benzylguanine) of endogenous MGMT. Because detoxification of O6-alkylguanine adducts by MGMT is stoichiometric, it has been suggested that higher levels of MGMT will afford better protection to gene-modified HSC. However, accomplishing this goal would potentially be in conflict with current efforts in the gene therapy field, which aim to incorporate weaker enhancer elements to avoid insertional mutagenesis. Using a panel of self-inactivating gamma-retroviral vectors that express a range of MGMTP140K activity, we show that MGMTP140K expression by weaker cellular promoter/enhancers is sufficient for in vivo protection/selection following treatment with O6-benzylguanine/ temozolomide. Conversely, the highest level of MGMTP140K activity did not promote efficient in vivo protection despite mediating detoxification of O6-alkylguanine adducts. Moreover, very high expression of MGMT P140K was associated with a competitive repopulation defect in HSC. Mechanistically, we show a defect in cellular proliferation associated with elevated expression of MGMTP140K, but not wild-type MGMT. This proliferation defect correlated with increased localization of MGMT P140K to the nucleus/chromatin. These data show that very high expression of MGMTP140K has a deleterious effect on cellular proliferation, engraftment, and chemoprotection. These studies have direct translational relevance to ongoing clinical gene therapy studies using MGMT P140K, whereas the novel mechanistic findings are relevant to the basic understanding of DNA repair by MGMT. ©2008 American Association for Cancer Research.