Toxicological Effect of Canarium odontophyllum Extract Against Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia CCL-119 Cell Line

Abstract

Introduction: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), a common childhood hematological malignancy, is clinically treated with various chemotherapy drugs in the treatment regimen. One of the drugs in the regimen is dexamethasone (DEX), which is associated with treatment toxicity especially at high doses. To reduce the high rates of toxic death in pediatric patients, natural products have been the focus of such studies. Canarium odontophyllum (CO) has been proven to be cytotoxic against various type of solid cancer cells without affecting normal cells. Thus, this study aims to determine the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of CO acetone extract against CCL-119, a childhood T-ALL malignancy cell line. Methods: The cytotoxicity effect of CO extract and DEX were assessed using MTT assay. Mode of cell death was determined by Annexin V-FITC staining using flow cytometry and DNA integrity was determined using fluorescent alkaline Comet assay. Cell morphology was observed using Giemsa staining. Results: The CO IC 25 and IC 50 were 0.37 ± 0.02 mg/ml and 0.93 ± 0.09 mg/ml respectively, whereas DEX IC 25 and IC 50 were 0.15 ± 0.01 µg/ml and 0.32 ± 0.01 µg/ml respectively. CO extract and DEX induced DNA damage of treated CCL-119 cells while mode of cell death is via apoptosis. Cell morphological study showed blebbing and shrinkage of cells following CO and DEX treatment. Conclusion: This study showed that C. odontophyllum has a promising potential to be developed into ALL treatment which may improve life expectancy of pediatric with leukemia.