A note on symmetry reductions of the Lindblad equation: Transport in constrained open spin chains

Abstract

We study quantum transport properties of an open Heisenberg XXZ spin 1/2 chain driven by a pair of Lindblad jump operators satisfying a global 'micro-canonical' constraint, i.e. conserving the total magnetization. We will show that this system has an additional discrete symmetry that is specific to the Liouvillean description of the problem. Such symmetry reduces the dynamics even more than would be expected in the standard Hilbert space formalism and establishes existence of multiple steady states. Interestingly, numerical simulations of the XXZ model suggest that a pair of distinct non-equilibrium steady states becomes indistinguishable in the thermodynamic limit, and exhibit sub-diffusive spin transport in the easy-axis regime of anisotropy Δ > 1. © IOP Publishing Ltd and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft.