Hard and Soft Managerialism in Portuguese Higher Education Governance

Abstract

Since the early 1990s the concept of governance has replaced the modern governing perspectives on policy-making and implementation and has assumed a central position in the public sector of political decision-making. This had impact on the relationship between governance and management, within which the latter has assumed a preponderance over the former, reflecting what has been referred to as managerialism (Magalhães & Santiago, 2012; Deem, 1998).