Impact of Periprocedural and Technical Factors and Patient Characteristics on Revascularization and Outcome in the DAWN Trial

Abstract

Background and Purpose-Because of unique attributes of mechanical thrombectomy performed between 6 and 24 hours after symptom onset in acute ischemic stroke patients, it is not known if predictors of angiographic recanalization and favorable outcome in patients treated with thrombectomy in the late (6-24 hour) time window are similar to those treated in the early time window. Methods-We analyzed data from the DAWN trial (DWI or CTP Assessment With Clinical Mismatch in the Triage of Wake-Up and Late Presenting Strokes Undergoing Neurointervention With Trevo) which enrolled patients with symptom onset 6 to 24hours after last known well and occlusion of the intracranial internal carotid artery or proximal middle cerebral artery with a mismatch between severity of clinical deficit and infarct core volume as identified by computed tomography-perfusion or diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. We evaluated the effect of tandem occlusions, periprocedural heparin use, procedural speed (from puncture to procedure completion), general anesthesia, balloon-guide catheters, thrombectomy device size, and number of passes on substantial reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 2b/3) and on likelihood of obtaining a modified Rankin Scale at 3 months indicating functional independence. Results-Of 107 patients who underwent MT in the interventional arm of DAWN, substantial reperfusion and modified Rankin Scale score 0 to 2 at 3 months was seen in 90 (84%) and 52 (49%), respectively. In univariate analysis, general anesthesia (odds ratio [OR] 0.27; P=0.042) and ≥3 passes with stent retriever (OR, 0.17; P=0.002) were inversely associated with substantial reperfusion. In multivariate analyses, only ≥3 passes were associated with lack of revascularization (OR, 0.17; P=0.002). in univariate analysis ≥3 passes (OR, 0.24; P =0.003) and baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score >17 (OR, 0.19; P<0.001) were inversely associated with functional independence at 3 months. In multivariate analyses, ≥3 passes (OR, 0.24; P=0.003) and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score >17 (OR, 0.19; P<0.001) remained inversely associated with favorable outcome at 3 months. Conclusions-Patients requiring ≥3 thrombectomy passes had reduced substantial reperfusion and favorable outcome at 3 months in DAWN. Whether or not additional thrombectomy techniques beyond ≥3 thrombectomy passes with the Trevo stent retriever are beneficial for patient outcomes in this patient population remains to be clarified by future studies.