The psychological impact of COVID-19 in Canada: Effects of social isolation during the initial response.

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Abstract

Canadian public health officials responded to the unprecedented global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by invoking public health measures ranging from extreme (e.g., quarantine) to lighter (e.g., social distancing) measures. Although necessary to mitigate disease spread, the psychological impact of social distancing and isolation is unknown (Wang et al., 2020). The impetus of this study were calls for research to compare the psychological effects of extreme and lighter measures (see Brooks et al., 2020), and our purpose was to examine the impact of COVID-19 on psychological distress to determine whether negative effects were present during the initial stages of social distancing/isolation measures. In this study, questionnaire data measuring satisfaction with life, social cohesion, psychological distress, and perceptions of risk was collected from 1381 Canadians during the early days of intense public health measures (31 March through 15 April 2020). Results suggest that even short-term social distancing practices are associated with increased psychological distress, including elevated levels of overall distress, such as panic, emotional disturbances, and depression. These results are noteworthy for several reasons: the timing of the distress, the population under investigation, and the fact that the applied mitigation was “lighter” than full quarantines previously studied. These findings suggest that after only a short period of time, less restrictive public health measures can lead to psychological distress. These results have major significance for government officials in future public health crisis as they judiciously weigh the costs and benefits of applying such measures with various public health guidelines discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) Public Significance Statement—During a global infectious disease pandemic, public health measures are often required to slow the spread of the disease. Although these measures are necessary, they can have negative effects on mental health. Even during the first few weeks of the COVID-19 outbreak, we found that there was a psychological impact on Canadian residents. People who perceived that COVID-19 presented a large risk were more likely to feel panic, depression, and emotional disturbances. We also found that females and people who were younger were likely to experience more psychological distress. Public health officials should keep this in mind when implementing public health measures during potential subsequent waves of the pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) Les responsables de la santé publique du Canada ont répondu à l’éclosion mondiale sans précédent de la maladie du coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) en invoquant des mesures de santé publique allant des mesures extrêmes (p. ex., la quarantaine) aux mesures plus légères (p. ex., la distanciation sociale). Bien qu’il soit nécessaire d’atténuer la propagation de la maladie, on ignore les répercussions psychologiques de la distanciation sociale et de l’isolement (Wang et al., 2020). L’idée de la présente étude est née à la suite de demandes de recherche visant à comparer les effets psychologiques de mesures extrêmes et de mesures plus légères (voir Brooks et al., 2020). Notre objectif était d’examiner l’impact de la COVID-19 sur la détresse psychologique afin de déterminer si des effets négatifs étaient présents au cours des premiers stades des mesures de distanciation sociale / d’isolement. Dans cette étude, les données du questionnaire mesurant la satisfaction à l’égard de la vie, de la cohésion sociale, de la détresse psychologique et de la perception du risque ont été recueillies auprès de 1 381 Canadiens au cours des premiers jours d’intenses mesures de santé publique (du 31 mars au 15 avril 2020). Les résultats semblent indiquer que même les pratiques de distanciation sociale à court terme sont associées à une détresse psychologique accrue, y compris des niveaux élevés de détresse globale, comme la panique, les troubles émotionnels et la dépression. Ces résultats sont dignes de mention pour plusieurs raisons : le moment de la détresse, la population à l’étude et le fait que l’atténuation appliquée était « plus légère » que les quarantaines complètes déjà étudiées. Ces résultats semblent indiquer qu’après une courte période, des mesures de santé publique moins restrictives peuvent entraîner une détresse psychologique. Ces résultats ont une importance majeure pour les responsables gouvernementaux sur les futures crises de santé publique, alors qu’ils évaluent judicieusement les coûts et les avantages de l’application de telles mesures avec les diverses lignes directrices de la santé publique discutées. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)

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APA

Best, L. A., Law, M. A., Roach, S., & Wilbiks, J. M. P. (2021). The psychological impact of COVID-19 in Canada: Effects of social isolation during the initial response. Canadian Psychology, 62(1), 143–154. https://doi.org/10.1037/cap0000254

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