OCT evaluation of orthodontic surface sealants: a 12-month follow-up randomized clinical trial

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this single-center randomized controlled trial (NCT03753256) was to assess orthodontic surface sealant layer thickness and integrity in vivo during a 12-month follow-up by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Materials and methods: Using a split-mouth design, quadrants of 20 patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances were included. Quadrants were randomly assigned to the sealants Pro Seal® (PS) or Opal® Seal™ (OS). OCT scans were performed immediately after the application of the sealants and after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Sealant layer thicknesses and their integrity were determined at 5 regions of interest (ROIs) known for high risks of demineralization. Sealant integrity loss was determined using a self-developed scale. Results: A total of 16 patients successfully completed the study. The studied sealants showed significant differences in initial layer thickness. Mean layer thickness was significantly lower for PS (67.8 μm, (95% CI, 56.1–79.5)) than for OS (110.7 μm, (95% CI, 97.3–124.1)). Layer thickness loss was significant after 3 months for PS and after 6 months for OS. Sealant integrity was compromised in more than 50% of the ROIs already after 3 months for both sealants. Conclusions: Patients treated with fixed orthodontic surface sealants lost the integrity of the protective layer in more than 50% of cases after 3 months, and the layer thickness of the sealants was significantly reduced after 3–6 months. Clinical relevance: The protective effect against demineralization lesions of orthodontic sealants in patients treated with fixed appliances appears to be limited in time. Further preventive measures should be investigated. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT 03753256)