A green chemistry teaching material: Its validity, practicality, and effectiveness on redox reaction topics

Abstract

Currently, the chemistry practicums that are carried out in high schools still use hazardous chemicals. The use of these materials can make teachers and students less comfortable in carrying out practicums. This affects students' interest and motivation in learning chemistry which in turn also affects students' learning outcomes. This study aimed to develop a green chemistry teaching material on the topic of redox reactions in improving students' learning outcomes. The development of this teaching material used a research and development method of the ADDIE model, including analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation phases. The analysis phase resulted in the approval of chemistry teachers to develop green chemistry teaching materials. The design phase produced the design of the teaching material with characteristics including the green chemistry principles, information about the dangers of chemicals used in the redox reaction practicum and countermeasures, replacement of hazardous chemicals in the redox reaction practicum with the environmentally friendly materials, and the latest green chemistry information. The development phase included the content, media, and language expert validation tests, as well as a readability test. The results of the content, media, and language validation tests of the teaching material were a valid category. The readability test results showed that students could understand the contents of the teaching material well, The results of the implementation phase indicated that the teaching material was very practical to teach redox reaction content. The evaluation phase confirmed that the teaching material was very effective in improving students' learning outcomes. The results suggested that the teaching material can be applied to improve student learning outcomes.