Physical Systems

Abstract

The main layers of CPS (Cyber-Physical System) are the virtual layer and physical layer. CPS requires the connection of numerous physical domains and cyber world to support AI (Artificial Intelligence) bridging IoT, Cloud and Big Data. The deep learning procedure of AI requires a numerous degree of complicated data at spatial and temporal scales which closely sense the changing state of the physical world in real-time. For the physical layer, sensors are major elements and an intelligently deployed network of sensors collects information for the real life system. IoT sensors produce vast amounts of spatial information through hundreds of millions of devices connected to people, products, and locations. Spatial data, like energy in the first and second industrial revolutions, is a key factor that determines the competitiveness of the enterprise in the 4th industrial revolution era because learning of artificial intelligence requires location and imagery data as spatial information. This spatial information makes the world we live in as digital twin. This chapter explains the relationship between sensors and spatial information as data essential to train artificial intelligence in terms of CPS such as a self-driving car.