A nomogram to predict the probability of breast intraductal tumors in patients with nipple discharge: A real-world study based on our 13-year clinical experience

Abstract

Introduction: Nipple discharge is a common symptom of breast disease. We aimed to perform a descriptive statistical analysis of the cases we evaluated and establish a model to predict intraductal tumors. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients from 2007 to 2019. In total, 1333 patients who completed the fiberoptic ductoscopy (FDS) were evaluated. The variables were analyzed by χ2 test. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relation-ship between the patient’s clinical characteristics and intraductal tumors and establish a predictive model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the predictive ability of the model. Calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the model. Results: Patients with spontaneous, single-duct, bloody discharge and a smooth ductal wall were more likely to be diagnosed with tumors by ductoscopy. A model was established based on five variables: age, side of discharge, spontaneous discharge status, duration of discharge, and color of discharge. The model was subsequently validated in 183 patients with complete data on the variables in the validation cohort. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated to be 0.716, indicating good predictive ability. Conclusion: Patients with the clinical characteristics of unilateral, bloody, single-duct, spontaneous discharge and a smooth ductal wall were more likely to have intraductal tumors by ductoscopy. Our nomogram can effectively predict intraductal tumors in patients with nipple discharge.