Nutrition and fertility

Abstract

Introduction: in recent decades, there has been an increase in the prevalence of infertility in the population. Numerous studies confirm that the nutritional status plays a key role in fertility. Objective: analyze the nutritional factors that may influence the fertility in men and women. Material and methods: a review was performed on the nutritional factors that may influence male and female fertility. Results: there are several factors associated with infertility such as advanced age, the presence of structural alterations in the reproductive system and diseases, environmental pollution and lifestyle. In relation to the diet, it is emphasized that the high intake of saturated fats, trans fatty acids, proteins of animal origin, could have a detrimental effect on fertility, whilst the intake of complex carbohydrates, fibre, monounsaturated fats and omega-3 fatty acids could have a benefit effect. Also, it is essential provide an adequate intake of folic acid, B12, vitamin A, D, C y E, calcium, iron, zinc, selenium and iodine to prevent impairments in fertility. Conclusion: the prevention and treatment of fertility impairment in women and men should consider the nutritional approach given its importance in the reproduction.