Introduction

Abstract

Transport is fundamental to our economy and society. This is especially so for the open economy of the Netherlands, which is heavily depending on international trade. CBS (2019) calculates that in 2017 export accounted for 34% (or roughly 250 billion euro’s) of the Dutch GDP. Sixty-one percent of this is created by the export of physical goods produced in the Netherlands (119 billion euro’s) and re-exports (33 billion euro’s).