Epigenetic regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthetic genes in fungi

Abstract

Many fungi are prolific producers of secondary metabolites. These compounds are thought to fill a variety of ecologically relevant functions including participating in chemical sensing systems and communicating with other organisms in their surroundings. In order for natural products to operate effectively, the host organisms must maintain control over their expression. Epigenetic processes have emerged as important contributors to the regulation of secondary metabolite expression in fungi. Several examples highlighting the range of secondary metabolites whose production is controlled wholly or in part by epigenetic processes are presented. Recently reported cases demonstrating how insights into epigenetic control mechanisms can improve the production and diversification of secondary metabolite production are also examined.