In-situ X-ray imaging of sublimating spin-frozen solutions

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Abstract

Spin-freeze-drying is a promising technique to enable long-term storage of pharmaceutical unit doses of aqueous drug solutions. To investigate the sublimation of the ice during the primary phase of freeze-drying, X-ray imaging can yield crucial temporally resolved information on the local dynamics. In this paper, we describe a methodology to investigate the sublimation front during single unit-dose freeze-drying using 4D in-situ X-ray imaging. Three spin-frozen samples of different solutions were imaged using this methodology and the process characteristics were analysed and reduced to two-dimensional feature maps.

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CITATION STYLE

APA

Goethals, W., Vanbillemont, B., Lammens, J., de Beer, T., Vervaet, C., & Boone, M. N. (2020). In-situ X-ray imaging of sublimating spin-frozen solutions. Materials, 13(13), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13132953

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