Evaluation of B1 inhomogeneity effect on DCE-MRI data analysis of brain tumor patients at 3T

Abstract

Background: Dynamic-contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI data acquired using gradient echo based sequences is affected by errors in flip angle (FA) due to transmit B1 inhomogeneity (B1inh). The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of B1inh on quantitative analysis of DCE-MRI data of human brain tumor patients and to evaluate the clinical significance of B1inh correction of perfusion parameters (PPs) on tumor grading. Methods: An MRI study was conducted on 35 glioma patients at 3T. The patients had histologically confirmed glioma with 23 high-grade (HG) and 12 low-grade (LG). Data for B1-mapping, T1-mapping and DCE-MRI were acquired. Relative B1 maps (B1rel) were generated using the saturated-double-angle method. T1-maps were computed using the variable flip-angle method. Post-processing was performed for conversion of signal-intensity time (S(t)) curve to concentration-time (C(t)) curve followed by tracer kinetic analysis (Ktrans, Ve, Vp, Kep) and first pass analysis (CBV, CBF) using the general tracer-kinetic model. DCE-MRI data was analyzed without and with B1inh correction and errors in PPs were computed. Receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed on HG and LG patients. Simulations were carried out to understand the effect of B1 inhomogeneity on DCE-MRI data analysis in a systematic way. S(t) curves mimicking those in tumor tissue, were generated and FA errors were introduced followed by error analysis of PPs. Dependence of FA-based errors on the concentration of contrast agent and on the duration of DCE-MRI data was also studied. Simulations were also done to obtain Ktrans of glioma patients at different B1rel values and see whether grading is affected or not. Results: Current study shows that B1rel value higher than nominal results in an overestimation of C(t) curves as well as derived PPs and vice versa. Moreover, at same B1rel values, errors were large for larger values of C(t). Simulation results showed that grade of patients can change because of B1inh. Conclusions: B1inh in the human brain at 3T-MRI can introduce substantial errors in PPs derived from DCE-MRI data that might affect the accuracy of tumor grading, particularly for border zone cases. These errors can be mitigated using B1inh correction during DCE-MRI data analysis.