Biomedical applications of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using eco-friendly method

Abstract

Nanotechnology is an emerging area of research and plays a vital role in various fields of application. Consequently, it mainly focused on synthesis of nanoparticles using novel approaches. Among this, synthesis of zinc oxide using biological method plays a unique role in research, such as cost-effective and environment-friendly method. In this review paper, we mainly focused on synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using biological methods such as plant-mediated, bacterial-mediated, fungal-mediated, and algal-mediated method. These biological materials are enriched with biomolecules, and they play a major role in reduction of metals. Based on this, bioreduction capacity of various biological materials used to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles under different conditions is also provided in this review. Various instrumental techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are used to characterize the size and functional group present in the nanoparticles, and some other biological techniques are also used to identify the effectiveness of novel-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles. Finally, this review provides enough detail about the biological-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles and its functional groups, and biological application; it helps researcher to identify previous results of the study and helps to pave new way for research.