Treatment of incompetent perforating veins

Abstract

Perforating veins are valved venous conduits that, with rare exception, direct blood to travel from the superficial to the deep venous system. There are 100-150 perforating veins in the lower extremities. Direct perforators connect to the deep axial veins and are more predictable in their locations. Indirect perforating veins that connect with intramuscular veins are more variable in location.