Fatores associados à baixa aptidão física de adolescentes

Abstract

Introduction: The Health-Related Physical Fitness (HRPF) components are associated with the prevention and reduction of chronic diseases, functional disabilities, and difficulties in performing daily activities. Objective: To identify the prevalence and associated factors with low HRPF in adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted with 1,455 students (50.9% girls) from 10 to 17 years old, comprising three dependent variables: cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular strength/endurance (S/E) and flexibility (Flex). For the measurement and classification of HRPF (recommended or low), a battery of tests was used, as well as the cutoff points proposed by Projeto Esporte Brasil. The independent variables were organized into three blocks of indicators: sociodemographic (six factors), behavioral (nine factors), and anthropometric (three factors). Data analysis was done by descriptive statistics, chi-squared test for heterogeneity and trend, and binary logistic regression. The multivariable final model considered only factors with p-value lower than 0.05. Results: The prevalence of low CRF, S/E and Flex was 74.1% (95% CI: 71.6-76.5), 27.4% (95% CI: 25.0-29.7) and 33.1% (95% CI: 30.6-35.5), respectively. Multivariate analyses indicated that from the 18 factors analyzed, nine were associated with low CRF, and five with low S/E and Flex. Only the age (directly to low CRF and S/E and inversely to low Flex) was associated (p<0.05) to the three HRPF components. Adolescents classified as very sedentary (CRF and S/E), with screen time of three or more hours per day (CRF and Flex) and with increased anthropometric indicators (three components of HRPF) showed more chance (p<0.05) to present low HRPF. Conclusion: Factors associated with low CRF and S/E are similar. However, for low Flex the associated factors tend to be different.