Microfluidic Electrochemical Biosensors: Fabrication and Applications

Abstract

A biosensor is generally defined as an analytical device which converts a biological response into a quantifiable and processable signal (Christopher R. Lowe 1984). It consists of bio-recognition systems (enzymes, DNA, proteins, cells, etc.), immobilized onto the surface of a transducer (electrochemical, optical, mass and thermal for the most common). Specific interactions between the target (analyte) and the complementary bio-recognition layer produce a physico-chemical change, which is detected and may be measured by the transducer. This specific interaction leads to very selective and specific sensors.