Gestational trophoblastic disease: An update on pathology, diagnosis and stateof- the-art management

Abstract

Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a spectrum of disorders originating from the placenta, including premalignant forms, such as complete and partial hydatidiform mole, and the malignant invasive mole, choriocarcinoma, placental site trophoblastic tumor and epithelioid trophoblastic tumor. The incidence of GTD varies between countries and the prevalence depends on maternal age, previous GTD history, socioeconomic factors. Histology and molecular genetic studies can help in the diagnostic pathway. Diagnosis of GTD is based on a multifactorial approach consisting of clinical features, serial human chorionic gonadotropin titers, and imaging findings. GTD can result in significant morbidity and mortality if left untreated; early diagnosis of GTD is essential for prompt and successful management while preserving fertility.