Biochemical Reactions — A First Look

Abstract

The present text is an extensively revised edition of the textbook first published in 1994. The quantitative treatment of bioprocesses is a central theme in this book. The book has been restructured to make it more easily accessible to the reader, the material has been updated and several new topics have been added in the text. The focus is on the bioreactor and the processes that occur in the reactor, i.e. the coupling between the reactions occurring in the cell and its environment. The microbial cellular metabolism is the starting point in the treatment. Tools for the quantitative analysis of cellular functions - macroscopic mass balancing, thermodynamics of microbial processes, metabolic network analysis and kinetic modelling - are gradually introduced. After analysis of the cellular reactor, the interaction between the cell and its environment is treated in chapters concerning mass transfer and design of bioprocesses. Finally, the complex subject of scale-up is presented. 1. Bioreaction Engineering: From Bioprocess Design to Systems Biology -- 1.1 The Structure of the Book -- 1.2 Some Comments on Nomenclature used in the Book -- 1.3 A Final Note -- References -- 2. From Cellular Function to Industrial Products -- 2.1 Cellular Growth -- 2.2 Biotech Processes -- An Overview -- 3. Biochemical Reactions -- A First Look -- 3.1 The Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor -- 3.2 Yield Coefficients -- 3.3 Black Box Stoichiometries -- 3.4 Degree of Reduction Balances -- 3.5 Systematic Analysis of Black Box Stoichiometries -- 3.6 Identification of Gross Measurement Errors -- Problems -- References -- 4. Thermodynamics of Biochemical Reactions -- 4.1 Chemical Equilibrium and Thermodynamic State Functions -- 4.2 Heat of Reaction -- 4.3 Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics -- Problems -- References -- 5. Biochemical Reaction Networks -- 5.1 Basic Concepts -- 5.2 Growth Energetics -- 5.3 Simple Metabolic Networks -- 5.4 Flux Analysis in Large Metabolic Networks -- Problems -- References -- 6. Enzyme Kinetics and Metabolic Control Analysis -- 6.1 Michaelis-Menten and Analogous Enzyme Kinetics -- 6.2 More Complicated Enzyme Kinetics -- 6.3 Metabolic Control Analysis -- Problems -- References -- 7. Modeling of Growth Kinetics -- 7.1 Model Structure and Complexity -- 7.2 A General Structure for Kinetic Models -- 7.3 Unstructured Growth Kinetics -- 7.4 Simple Structured Models -- 7.5 Mechanistic Models -- 7.6 Morphologically Structured Models -- Problems -- References -- 8. Population Balance Equations -- Problems -- References -- 9. Design of Fermentation Processes -- 9.1 The Stirred Tank Bioreactor -- 9.2 The Plug Flow Reactor -- 9.3 Dynamic Analysis of Continuous Stirred Tank Bioreactors -- Problems -- References -- 10. Mass Transfer -- 10.1 Gas-Liquid Mass Transfer -- 10.2 Mass Transfer to and into Solid Particles -- 11. Scale-Up of Bioprocesses -- 11.1 Scale-up Phenomena -- 11.2 Bioreactors -- 11.3 Physical Processes of Importance for Scale-Up -- 11.4 Metabolic Processes Affected by Scale-up -- 11.5 Scale-up in Practice -- Problems -- References.