Introduction

Abstract

Air quality management in Canada is comprised of several inter-related processes and tools that are introduced in this chapter, thus providing the foundation for a more detailed treatment of these aspects in the following chapters. The Canadian approach involves an adaptive process that starts with problem recognition and then proceeds through goal setting, plan design, plan implementation, tracking of progress and if necessary, making adjustments to achieve the goals of the program. Stakeholders are involved throughout the process using a variety of informational, consultative and collaborative techniques. The entire management process is supported by scientific and technical knowledge gained from air quality monitoring, emission inventories, air quality modelling, socio-economic analysis, air quality research and technological development. Implementation of air quality management plans relies on prescriptive regulations, social marketing and outcome regulations that may employ economic instruments. The mix of tools depends on the nature of the problem, its spatial scale, and jurisdictional preferences.