Failure in Volunteer Work: A Call for Strategic Volunteer Management

Abstract

This chapter takes an individual-based approach to failure in the nonprofit sector. Many NGOs are currently experiencing an overall decline in voluntary participation and a high fluctuation rate, which takes an enormous toll on their limited resources. This problem can be traced back to the experience of failure in individuals, whose needs, motives and desires have not been met. Based on theories of human motivation (self-determination theory) and research on volunteerism, we will organize the evidence in three different areas: individual experiences of failure regarding (a) the task, (b) social relations, and (c) structural characteristics. We suggest that, much like the HR in for-profit companies, NGOs need a strategic plan when it comes to their human capital. Drawing from case studies and empirical evidence, the chapter concludes with a series of best practice recommendations.